The United Nations has reported that 2023 is the deadliest year for migrants in a decade, with at least 8,565 recorded deaths on migration routes worldwide—a 20% increase from the previous year. The Mediterranean Sea remains the most perilous crossing, though significant increases in deaths were also noted in Africa and Asia. Factors contributing to this grim milestone include more individuals leaving their home countries and the increasingly dangerous routes they are taking. The issue is further complicated by European states’ efforts to clamp down on irregular border crossings and the challenges associated with asylum claims and international protection.
- 2023 is the deadliest year for migrants since records began, with at least 8,565 deaths.
- The Mediterranean Sea is the deadliest migration route, with significant increases in deaths also recorded in Africa and Asia.
- The increase in deaths is attributed to more people leaving their countries and the dangers of the routes taken.
- European states are attempting to manage irregular border crossings and the arrival of migrants, often termed a crisis.
- Challenges in Europe include the rising number of forcibly displaced people and the difficulty of returning migrants unlikely to receive international protection to their countries of origin.
- Key drivers of migration include violence, abusive governments, and the lack of welcome by neighboring countries already hosting millions of refugees.
- There is a trend in Europe to externalize migration issues, focusing on border management and anti-smuggling efforts with third countries.
- Migration is a highly politicized issue, requiring long-term structural efforts and international cooperation to manage effectively.
- Climate change is expected to exacerbate many of the drivers of migration, affecting low and middle-income countries the most.
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