China Expands Hydroelectric Power with Risky Megadams in Earthquake-Prone Areas

China is advancing its hydropower capabilities by constructing an extensive network of dams along its longest river, the Yangtze, notably in the highly remote and earthquake-prone regions. This ambitious project involves more than a dozen dams, including the $31 billion Baihetan Dam, which alone generates 16,000 megawatts of power. Despite the hydropower potential, which is crucial for China’s net-zero goals, the construction faces significant challenges such as geological instability, risk of earthquakes, and the displacement of communities and flooding of Tibetan heritage sites. The endeavor highlights the balancing act between enhancing energy capacity and managing environmental and cultural impacts.

• China is constructing a comprehensive network of hydropower stations along the Yangtze River.
• The Baihetan Dam, costing $31 billion, produces 16,000 megawatts, more than double the output of the United States’ largest dam.
• These projects are situated in one of the most seismically active areas, raising concerns about the potential for earthquake-induced damage.
• The development will lead to the flooding of entire Tibetan towns, sparking rare protests in tightly controlled communities.
• Hydropower is central to China’s strategy to achieve its net-zero emissions goals, leveraging the significant hydropower potential of the region.
• The construction efforts are faced with immense challenges due to the geological instability of the region.
• Dams being built on unstable ground in earthquake-prone areas pose a high risk to surrounding ecosystems and communities.
• More than 100 earthquakes were recorded in 2007 alone in the area between the Sichuan Basin and the Jinsha River.
• The construction threatens Tibetan heritage sites, including the possible flooding of the 13th-century Wo Monastery and the destruction of its ancient murals.
• Leaked videos have shown Tibetan protests against the construction, highlighting the cultural and social impact of the dams.
• The Chinese government has not responded to requests for comments on these issues.

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